While receiving extensive coverage across a wide range of industries, brand adaptation in the face of regulatory change has been largely under-researched in the field of retail marketing management. This paper seeks to fill this void by reviewing the strategic customer-facing responses of the...

One important element of recent conceptualizations of the distinctive nature and challenges of retail transnational corporations (TNCs) is a focus on the mutual transformation of both the markets entered by the retail TNCs and, reciprocally, of the organizational structures of the firms...

An important feature of town-planning practice in Western Europe has been the attempt to control commercial-property development in order to conform with planning principles. The growth history of large stores such as hypermarkets, superstores, and retail warehouses has thus been characterised...

This paper attempts to quantify patterns of access to food retailing in two urban areas (Leeds/Bradford and Cardiff). We introduce, first, a locally based mapping approach and, secondly, a systematic city-wide modelling approach. This quantifies provision levels in terms of modelling shopping...

The author examines some recent changes in government policy in England relating to planning control over new retail development. In so doing, he investigates tensions between the government’s overall economic policy and its land-use planning policy, particularly that involving development of...

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Following the earlier work of SMAILES, 1944, and SMITH, 1968, the changing urban hierarchy of England has been plotted for 1913, 1938, 1965 and 1998, using two alternative composite measures: an urban hierarchy embodying a number of different measures of urbanity; and a retail hierarchy based on...

The West Quay shopping centre in Southampton is a prime example of a new wave of inner-city regional shopping centres in the UK-at the time of its opening being the largest centre of that type. This paper argues that West Quay has had a fundamental impact on the built form and urban identity of...