The purpose of this paper is to include consumer satisfaction in the specification of productivity. We accomplish this by using Shephard’s preference indirect distance function to model technology subject to a utility target. The utility constraint allows us to include information on consumer...

We discuss a model for analyzing and measuring workers' health and psychosocial work-environment on firm productivity. Productivity is measured through the Malmquist productivity index approach using Data Envelopment Analysis. A novel component of the model is that in addition to standard...

Motivated by the emergence of online penny or pay-to-bid auctions, in this study, we analyze the operational consequences of all-pay auctions competing with fixed list price stores. In all-pay auctions, bidders place bids, and highest bidder wins. Depending on the auction format, the winner pays...