Emission trading has been considered a primary policy tool for emission reduction. Governments establish national targets for emission reduction and assign emission reduction goals to private entities to accomplish the targets. To attain the goal, private entities should perform offset projects...

Operation and maintenance (O&M) service contracts for water and sewer systems have increased considerably in the United States over the last 20 years. Successful O&M contract establishment requires a reasonable estimation of the O&M service contract coupled with a reliable risk-hedging...

The clean development mechanism (CDM) provides a way of assisting sustainable development in developing countries for developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Despite its intended benefits, the primary CDM market decreased from US$5.8 billion in 2006 to US$1.5 billion in...

Recently, rainwater harvesting systems have received increased attention due to their capability for adapting to water scarcity and climate change. However, a key obstacle to the implementation of rainwater harvesting systems is that they are often not financially feasible given difficulty in...