Computing the gaussian likelihood for a nonstationary state-space model is a difficult problem which has been tackled by the literature using two main strategies: data transformation and diffuse likelihood. The data transformation approach is cumbersome, as it requires nonstandard filtering. On...

This paper discusses how to specify an observable high-frequency model for a vector of time series sampled at high and low frequencies. To this end we first study how aggregation over time affects both the dynamic components of a time series and their observability, in a multivariate linear...

We propose a new procedure to detect unit roots based on subspace methods. It has three main original features. First, the same method can be applied to single or multiple time series. Second, it employs a flexible family of information criteria, which loss functions can be adapted to the...

En este trabajo se propone un nuevo procedimiento para detectar ra´ıces unitarias basado en m´etodos de subespacios. Nuestra propuesta tiene tres aspectos originales principales. Primero, la misma metodología puede aplicarse a series individuales o a vectores de series temporales. Segundo,...

We define the vector of conditional coverage values generated over the business cycle by a constant capital figure. Using a convenient analytical framework, we explore its properties and propose two applications based on it. For the former, we state a result that links the concepts of...

This paper addresses two problems related to determining the unconditional capital required by a credit portfolio: Estimating it using Monte Carlo simulation and allocating it among the different risk units that form the portfolio. By elaborating on a tractable analytical framework, we propose a...

This paper analyzes the unconditional measurement of default risk and proposes an alternative modeling approach. We begin the analysis by showing that when conducted under non-stationarity, the objective of the unconditional measurement changes and that some relevant problems appear as a...

This paper addresses two important topics in recent economic historiography: globalization and the great divergence. We first present a search for statistical evidence in the Far East of an “Early Globalization” comparable to the one ongoing in the West since the mid-eighteenth century....

Globalization, if defined as the integration of international commodity markets, started in the eighteenth century and progressed gradually and with some setbacks into the nineteenth century, instead of suddenly appearing at some point after the 1820s. We use grain prices in Europe and the...