This paper aims to close one of the most persistent gaps in international business (IB) and strategic management (SM) research by advocating a systematic extension of our research perspective to a more finance-based "liabilities' approach". As such, it responds to the recent work of prominent...

This article analyzes political strategies of MNC subsidiaries in emerging markets. We find that institutional pressures from public and private non-market actors in the emerging market lead to increased political activism. Furthermore, we find that these relationships become stronger, when the...

One important success factor of foreign firms in Russia is the establishment of efficient networks with non-market stakeholders. Stakeholder networks may help foreign firms to obtain relevant information, accelerate administrative decision-making and reduce political risks. The objective of this...

This paper analyses the effects of inter-sender role conflicts experienced by managers of International Joint Ventures (IJVs) on their individual job satisfaction and job stress. It then relates the level of IJV managers' job satisfaction and job stress to the performance of the IJV. We...

In this paper, the relevance of political stakeholders and political activities in German multinational corporations (MNCs) is examined. The focus is on three main questions: First, which political stakeholders influence the behavior of MNCs? Second, which political activities do MNCs develop to...

We test and expand the Uppsala model with a sample of 109 Austrian companies active in the CEE region, representing 1,271 entries. On the one hand, our expansion of the model is based on collective learning of firms from a specific context, an issue largely neglected in IB research. On the other...