The transition process of the formerly socialist economies of Eastern Europe dates back more than a decade. Whereas a few countries now entering the European Union experience significant progress some others, most notably the former CIS-countries including Russia, lag behind. Despite the central...

Through the use of a simple behavioural political economy model, we cast doubt on the assumption that voters behave in predictable ways dependent on their expected support for government policies. We show that under certain conditions an unfavourable (i.e. welfare reducing) policy may result,...

The market orientation literature distinguishes between market driven and market driving approaches. Although, most of the companies provided as examples of the latter approach have strong corporate brands, the corporate brand and associated brand values have not previously been considered as a...

Wal-Mart is the world's largest retailer. Within the United Kingdom, retailing has generally been considered as a local or national activity. Wal-Mart's purchase of ASDA in 1999 illustrates the global scale of much modern retailing. In this paper we consider the implications of Wal-Mart's...

Gorcery retailing in Great Britain has not had the best of times in recent years, particularly in comparison to other European countries and retailers. Attacked on the one hand by the Press and city analysts for their pricing and accounting policies and confronted on the other hand by a wave of...

Retail internationalisation has been studied from a variety of perspectives. The overwhelming focus has been on the market entry and subsequent development of store operations in nondomestic markets. Recently, the implied uninterrupted progression of retail internationalisation strategies has...

Internationalisation by retailers is a major corporate strategy and has become a substantive research focus for retail academics in Europe. The majority of research has concentrated on the expansionist dimensions of this activity. Only recently has attention turned to the role and importance of...

This study adopts the transaction cost framework to shed light upon governance structures within the context of retailer-manufacturer relationships. It argues that a retailer's investment in establishing itself as a retail brand is frequently based on the willingness of manufacturers to make...