There is intense public interest in the role of universities as a source of science-based innovations. To increase our understanding of this role, this book compares the economic effects of university research in the United States and Japan--countries similar in economic and technological...

We constructed an original database concerning science linkages based on text of Japanese Patent Gazette published since 1994. We discovered that Japanese inventers cite many academic papers in the texts of the patent applications in the Japanese Patent System. Based on this finding, we...

The rise in biomedical research predates the passage of Bayh-Dole Act in the United States. Our measurements of science linkage based on the Japanese patents also show that biotechnology is extremely high in science linkage. We will describe an in-depth case study about how a Japanese sanitary...