Because labor quality changes over the business cycle,the cyclicality of aggregate wages cannot reflect the true cyclical behavior of the price of labor inputs. To control for changes in labor quality, many researchers have examined the cyclical behavior of the price of labor inputs using...

Greenhouse gas reduction and energy consumption are becoming two important issues in both industrialized and developing countries, and policy makers are developing means to reduce total domestic energy use. We evaluate and compare the direct and the indirect energy consumption both in the...

Environmental concerns lead industries to implement gasified biomass (syngas) as a promising fuel in steel reheating furnaces. The impurities of syngas as well as a combination with iron oxide scale form complex mixtures with low melting points, and might cause corrosion on steel slabs. In this...

Zn(1-x)GaxO thin films (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 named as GZO1, GZO2, GZO3, GZO4, respectively) were deposited on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The crystal structure, electrical, thermoelectric and magneto-thermoelectric properties of GZO films were investigated. It is found...

In this paper, we establish the upper semicontinuity and lower semicontinuity of solution mappings to a parametric generalized strong vector equilibrium problem with setvalued mappings by using a scalarization method and a density result. The results improve the corresponding ones in the...

This paper proposes a method of estimating marginal tax rates using nonparametric regression techniques, and the income and tax data obtained from the Individual Tax Model Files. Our method yields estimates of average marginal effective tax rates on personal income which are significantly...

Transactions, market orders and limit orders are three major factors which affect a specialist's information set and her inventory position. In modeling a specialist's quote updating process, before any exclusion of any of these factors, one should first address the fundamental question of their...

We examine the intertemporal optimal consumption and investment problem in a continuous-time economy with a divisible durable good. Consumption services are assumed to be proportional to the stock of the good held and adjustment of the stock is costly, in that it involves the payment of a...