This study examines the adoption of balanced scorecard (BSC) in Malaysian local authorities (MLA). Using a questionnaire survey, this study assesses whether high level of BSC adoption in the local authorities in Malaysia would eventuate high service quality. This study uses variables of BSC...

In this paper, we have investigated the deterrent effects of sanctions and severity of punishment on crime rates based on the experience of Hong Kong. The effects of socio-economic variables such as unemployment rate, poverty, number of illegal immigrants, and total population on crime rates are...

This paper presents motivations and algorithmic details of some generalized controlled random search (CRS) algorithms for global optimization. It also carries out an extensive numerical study of the generalized CRS algorithms to demonstrate their superiorities over their original counterparts....