This paper discusses the fundamentals required for successful reform, i.e., the necessary institutional changes required to make a nation grow sustainably wealthier. It argues that enriching the people is a prerequisite for a prosperous nation and further reveals the inherent logic behind the...

The ¡°middle income trap¡± is a significant theoretical and practical issue closely related to the economic and social transition and sustainable development of a country. This paper explores the essence of the ¡°middle income trap¡± and ways to avoid it. It reveals that the inner nature...

Cities consumed 84% of commercial energy in China, which indicates cities should be the main areas for GHG emissions reduction. Our case study of Shenyang in this paper shows how a clear inventory analysis on GHG emissions at city level can help to identify the major industries and societal...

In China, one of the challenges on managing solid wastes is how to realize waste reduction, reuse and recycling while maintaining rapid development, leading to a demand for an Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) approach. A practical way to improve ISWM in developing countries is to learn...

Conventionally, material inputs to industries come from either natural resources or intermediate products. With the increasing attention on greening the industrial process, municipal solid waste (MSW) can be separated and utilized as inputs to large-scale industries. As such, waste flows need to...

We consider a supply chain comprising a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer supplies a product to the retailer, while the retailer sells the product bundled with after-sales service to consumers in a fully competitive market. The sales volume is affected by the retailer’s...

Exploitation of natural gas hydrate is expecting to be an important strategic way to solve the problem of energy depletion. Understanding the effectiveness of the well configuration plays a pivotal role in gas production from the hydrate reservoir. This study evaluates the methane hydrate...

As supply chain risks refer to the risks transmitted among supply chain members and supply chain management (SCM) is concerned with close collaboration among chain members to enhance the chain׳s overall performance, we argue that we need to use an SCM perspective in supply chain risk management...

The optimal layout problem of circle group in a circular container with performance constraints of equilibrium belongs to a class of NP-hard problem. The key obstacle of solving this problem is the lack of an effective global optimization method. We convert the circular packing problem with...