Over the last decade, generic penetration in the U.S. pharmaceutical market has increased substantially, providing significant gains in consumer surplus. What impact has this rise in generic penetration had on the rate and direction of early stage pharmaceutical innovation? We explore this...

With increasing frequency, generic drug manufacturers in the United States are able to challenge the monopoly status of patent-protected drugs even before their patents expire. The legal foundation for these challenges is found in Paragraph IV of the Hatch-Waxman Act. If successful, these...

Differences in teacher quality are commonly cited as a key determinant of the huge international student performance gaps. However, convincing evidence on this relationship is still lacking, in part because it is unclear how to measure teacher quality consistently across countries. We use unique...

This testimony before the Legislative Finance Committee of the New Mexico Legislature discusses the educational attainment of students in New Mexico and the research containing the development of human capital through education.

This paper updates estimations of labor-market returns to human capital by re-examining traditional measures that rely exclusively on school attainment and put too much weight on early-career earnings by incorporating adult skills over full lifecycle earnings in 22 countries.

This paper provides a consistent comparison of general tuition subsidies, need-based student aid, merit-based student aid, and income continent loans (ICL). Each of these policies is analyzed through a dynamic general equilibrium model in which individuals differ in family wealth and...

Existing estimates of the labor-market returns to human capital give a distorted picture of the role of skills across different economies. International comparisons of earnings analyses rely almost exclusively on school attainment measures of human capital, and evidence incorporating direct...