This paper addresses the shipment planning problem with random processing times in intermodal logistics via transfer ports. Shipment activities are divided into two groups according to regional settings. Activity processing times in region A are assumed to be random while those in region B are...

The aim of this article is to present an overview about the preparation method and physical properties of a new hybrid system consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) wrapped by conjugated polymers. The technique firstly demonstrated in 2007 has attracted great interest because of...

We study the evolutionary Prisoner’s Dilemma game among individuals endowed with adaptively interaction intensity. Individuals adjust their interaction intensity according to the rules “payoff increase-high intensity, payoff decrease-low intensity”: if an individual’s payoff increases...

Most previous studies concerning ultimatum games in structured population assume either that the game roles are assigned randomly between linked individuals or that the game is played twice in an interaction, alternating the roles of proposer and responder. We develop a model in which...

In most previous studies of public goods game, individuals conventionally donate their contributions equally to the games they participate in. We develop an extended public goods game model, in which individuals distribute their contributions based on the groups’ qualities. Namely, the...

Previous studies concerning the prisoner’s dilemma game on graphs conventionally assume that individuals select role models from their replacement graphs at random. We propose a extended prisoner’s dilemma game model to study the impact of recommended role models on the evolution of...

Altruistic punishment for defectors is considered as a key motive for the explanation of cooperation. However, there is no clear border between the cooperative and defective behaviors in a continuous strategy game. We propose a model to study the effect of punishment on the evolution of...

Does decentralization enhance service delivery and poverty reduction? Drawing on cutting edge research, expert contributors address this fundamental question facing policy-makers in developing as well as advanced countries. This timely book builds upon insights on the recent developments in the...

This paper uses the 2010/11 Income and Expenditure Survey for South Africa to analyze the progressivity of the main tax and social spending programs and quantify their impact on poverty and inequality. The paper also assesses the redistributive effectiveness of fiscal interventions given the...

Improvement in labor market conditions has been the main explanation behind many of the poverty success stories observed in the last decade—that is the primary conclusion of an analysis of changes in poverty by income source. Changes in labor earnings were the largest contributor to poverty...