show that the Chicago School Theory of a single monopoly surplus that justifies tying, bundling, and loyalty …

Leniency programs as a tool for cartel detection and cartel destabilization, have been implemented since the early … nineties. Theoretical work has shown that leniency programs can be effective in enhancing cartel detection and deterrence, but …. Empirical evidence shows that the positive effect on cartel deterrence seems to dominate, but cannot provide definite evidence …

cooperation, undercutting is defection. Jointly, competitors are better off if both are faithful to a cartel. Individually, profit … is highest if only the competitor(s) is (are) loyal to the cartel. Yet collusion inflicts harm on the opposite market …

enforcement, reflected in particular by the evolution of the fines imposed in cartel cases. The analysis outlines how antitrust …

Es común en algunas jurisdicciones que las partes que se vean afectadas por la acción de un cartel demanden … compensaciones por los daños económicos causados. Sin embargo, esto no supone que las partes afectadas indirectamente por un cartel … (esto es, los compradores de los afectados directos del cartel) hayan visto sus demandas aceptadas por el juez. Este …

Hidden Markov Model that answers the question, taking into account that often we do not know whether a cartel exists in an …