In the debate over sustainable economic growth, two critical issues are elasticity of substitution and technical change. Due to entropy increasing law in MEI system, the elasticity of substitution between any two resources must decline to zero and the efficiency improvement of resources from...

The aim of this paper is to examine the long-run relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for 80 developing countries from 1990 to 2009. For this purpose, methods of panel unit root test, panel cointegration test and panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) are applied....

The relationship between publically reported weekly grid premiums and discounts for specific carcass characteristics and the percentage of those characteristics reflected in total weekly slaughter volume (i.e., proportional slaughter volume) is investigated. Granger Causality and multi-lag VAR...

As the socialist system in China embraces the market economy, it has created many conflicts of interests and collusion between firms and different layers of governments. The central government in China sets regulations to ensure the quality of firms listed in the capital market, while local...

Mandatory livestock price reporting (MPR) was implemented in April 2001. Empirical evidence indicates a significant change in the weekly variability of publicly reported fed cattle grid premiums and discounts occurred after MPR implementation. We evaluated the effect of increased market...

There exists general agreement that the steam engine’s rise in importance occurred at the same time as large increases in firm size and growing urbanization, but no consensus concerning the degree to which the steam engine served as an exogenous force fueling urban growth. We reexamine the...

A considerable fraction of college students and bachelor's degree recipients enroll in multiple postsecondary institutions. Despite this fact, there is scant research that examines the nature of the paths - both the number and types of institutions - that students take to obtain a bachelor's...