This research addresses main question of the conditions of debt-constraint expropriation and debt-facilitate expropriation, and the difference between those conditions on type of group ownership (group or no group-affiliate). Agency theory predicts that debt is bonding and monitoring mechanism...

This research investigates private sector corruption. The research focuses on a firm’s life cycle as it relates to corruption. Free cash flows to dividends and leverage are used as indicators of private sector corruption. The research examines Non-financial firms listed on the Indonesia...