A huge number of financial institutions and companies use the options in risk management. A particularly important issue that arises when it comes to options is fixing their value. In this paper we present the classical models for valuing options: Black-Scholes model and binomial model....

The volatility estimation is a crucial problem for pricing derivatives. The traditional implied volatility approach induces the undesired smile effect and is therefore inconsistent with the market reality. A second more realistic approach is due to Bensoussan, Crouhy and Galai (1995) who derive...

We develop a new approach to approximating asset prices in the context of continuous-time models. For any pricing model that lacks a closed-form solution, we provide a closed-form approximate solution, which relies on the expansion of the intractable model around an “auxiliary” one. We...

Estimation of volatility of financial time series plays a crucial role in pricing derivatives. Volatility is often estimated from historical data; however, it is well known that volatility varies in time. We propose a method to choose a suitable length of historical data to estimate contemporary...

This paper presents an equity valuation model that employs risk-neutral valuation under stochastic interest rates along the lines of Ohlson and Feltham (1999). Closed form valuation formulae for equities are presented in a discrete time setting whereby the short term interest rate is modelled by...

This article proposes and tests a convenient, easy to use closed-form solution for the pricing of a European Call option where the underlying asset is subject to upward and downward jumps displaying separate distributions and probabilities of occurrence. The setup presented in this article lays...