Following the World Court's settlement of the Gulf of Maine boundary dispute in 1984, oceans cooperation between Canada and the US in the Bay of Fundy/Gulf of Maine region has re-emerged primarily at the provincial/state, rather than the federal levels of government. The Gulf of Maine Action...

The increasing degradation of marine ecosystems has led to multiple calls for greater protection through the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs). If created at the ecosystem or ecoregion level, MPAs will likely straddle maritime boundaries and therefore necessitate international...

International conservation efforts and cooperation are increasingly necessary, particularly at an ecoregion level, for the achievement of international targets for protecting biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems. Whereas more than 11 percent of land is protected, less than 1 percent of...