In contrast to some recent research, this article finds that regression approach futures hedge ratios are stationary. It shows that a previous study's failure to reject the random walk null hypothesis was due to its small sample size and the overlapping hedge ratio calculation approach's bias...

This article provides empirical support for the theory that closed-end fund discounts reflect expected investment performance. Evidence is presented to explain how equity closed-end fund initial public offerings (IPOs) can sell at a premium when existing funds sell at a discount and why the...

This study explains why a modified regression method, which calculates hedge profits and hedge ratios using cost-of-carry-adjusted price changes, provides greater accuracy than the unadjusted regression method. It shows that the modified regression method and the error-correction model lead to...