This paper aims to investigate the determinants of collateral requirements for loans that are extended to small and medium-sized enterprises in less-developed countries. Our primary data source consists of the results from firms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia from the Business Environment...

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the determinants of collateral requirements on loans that are extended to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in less–developed countries. Our primary data source is the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) results...

Purpose – This paper aims to answer the following research questions: To what extent do banks use credit derivatives (CDs)? What are the differences between users and non-users? What are the main underlying motivations? Design/methodology/approach –The annual reports of 112 Italian banks are...

Italian Government has recently approved measures to promote the development of a bond market for small and medium-sized enterprises. The new rules have stimulated the launch of such instruments. Operators are now required to develop the best practices needed to complete the market

The aim of the paper is to assess the efficiency of public aid in form of a guarantee, given the Ec State aid law. A State aid element valuation method for guarantee schemes, which highlights the effect of State aid on credit risk mitigation and takes into account the criteria for Ec...

This study examines the extent to which Italian banks use credit derivatives (CD), whether there are differences between users and nonusers, and the underlying motivations for the use of CD. The results show that a limited number of credit institutions use CD, and that this usage varies over...

This study examines the use and determinants of covenants in public debt issued by Russian companies. On the basis of issue characteristics, firm characteristics and systemic risk variables, we investigate that the likelihood of including covenants clause in financial contracts is positively...

Covenants are particular clauses in the debt contracts of firms that restrict business policy, giving creditors the possibility of putting precise actions into force (normally early repayment) when the covenants are violated. The main purpose of covenants given in the literature is to resolve...

A freeze-out bond exchange offer can occur when a firm wants to replace an exist- ing bond, issued with a covenant, with a new bond that does not have this type of restriction. If the bondholders are not fully coordinated, the shareholders can make the exchange offer unfair to capture wealth...

La metodologia del Value at Risk è diventata lo standard de-facto per la misurazione del rischio di mercato nel sistema bancario internazionale. In questo lavoro si è analizzato tale metodo sotto diverse prospettive: la procedura di calcolo, lo sviluppo della normativa e degli utilizzi...