Egyptian data show that unilateralism dominates dispute resolution mechanisms, though with domestic clients bilateralism is equally important. Recourse to law and third parties is rare. Whether disputes are with suppliers or clients, domestic firms or foreign affects the choice of mechanism.

Empirical analysis of vertical integration has mostly been restricted to developed countries. But since the institutional context in developing countries is very different, so may be the factors that influence vertical integration. Estimates made using a new data set of Egyptian garment firms...

This article examines the determinants of aggregate flows of service trade in MENA countries using an adapted version of the gravity model and a panel data set covering the 2000 to 2009 period for 21 countries and 10 sectors. A new determinant of trade performance is introduced: the number of...

This article evaluates the effect of different aspects of trade facilitation in developed and developing countries on bilateral trade through an augmented gravity model and uses the latter to estimate ad valorem equivalents (AVEs) of administrative barriers to trade. The results show that a...

This paper explores the macroeconomic and sectoral effects of goods and service trade on the economic performance of MENA countries for the period 1960–2011. While the MENA region has been widely neglected in the trade and growth literature, this paper offers a decomposition of MENA GDP growth...

Bank credit to Egypt's private sector decreased over the last decade, despite a recapitalized banking system and high rates of economic growth. Recent macro-economic turmoil has reinforced the trend. This paper explains the decrease based on credit supply and demand considerations by 1)...

This paper estimates an augmented gravity model incorporating different aspects of Trade Facilitation in develop and developing countries. Trade Facilitation is defined as measures that aim at making international trade easier by eliminating administrative delays, simplifying commercial...

This article aims at evaluating the liberalization policies' effects on wage inequality in Egypt. Gender, geographical, and skill dimensions are used to break down labor into eight segments. This article simulates the effect of a reduction of tariffs imposed on imports by 50%. Results show that...

This paper proposes an empirical investigation of the effect of different trade barriers on wages in Egypt. The effect of trade barriers on wage disparity has been widely discussed at both empirical and public policy levels. This debate has mainly dealt with traditional tariff barriers. Less...