Cost effectiveness is central to the air freight forwarders. In this work, we study how an air freight forwarder should plan its cargo loading in order to minimize the total freight cost given a limited number of rented containers. To solve the problem efficiently for practical implementation,...

<Para ID="Par1">Evolution of cooperation is still a puzzle in evolutionary and socio biology. Based on the asymmetric interactions in a dominance hierarchy system, a simple theoretical framework is developed to reveal the effect of “induced cooperation” (i.e., the cooperative behavior of subordinate...</para>

A composite-conditional-likelihood (CCL) approach is proposed to map the position of a trait-influencing mutation (TIM) using the ancestral recombination graph (ARG) and importance sampling to reconstruct the genealogy of DNA sequences with respect to windows of marker loci and predict the...

To improve their efficiency is of vital importance for the widespread application of TEG (thermoelectric generators). A design methodology, formulated on mathematical analysis and performed by spreadsheet calculation, was advanced to derive the optimum efficiency and geometrical dimensions of...

Soil surface mulching is known to be effective in reducing surface runoff, increasing the infiltration of water into the soil and slowing soil erosion. A two-year field experiment evaluated three possible soil surface management practices: (1) conventional treatment, without mulching—the...

The quantum conductance of two kinds of carbon nanotube quantum dots (CNQD) composed of (5,5) and (10,0) tubes, namely (10,0)/(5,5)/(10,0) and (5,5)/(10,0)/(5,5) with different quantum sizes, are calculated. It is shown that for (10,0)/(5,5)/(10,0) CNQD, one on-resonant peak at the Fermi energy...