A review of ground heat transfer effects on the thermal performance of earth contact structures is presented. The fundamental heat transfer processes relevant to the problem are described along with methods of determining thermal properties of soils. An overview of the many analytical,...

The complexities of educational processes and structure and the need for disentangling effects beneath the level of the school or college are discussed. Ordinal response multilevel crossed random-effects models for educational grades are introduced. Weighted random effects for teacher...

We explore cost-effectiveness of provision of General Certificate of Education at Advanced Level in a survey of nine colleges receiving central support from the Further Education Funding Council.

In this paper we examine educational data whch has a cross-classified structure. A cross-classified value-added multilevel model is proposed for these data and the problem of estimation are discussed in relation to the probllem of an endogenous regressor.

The preliminaries in the paper contrast the advantages and disadvantages of using arbitrary scores for ordinal responses in linear models compared to generalised linear models for ordered catagory responses. The context of multilevel and random effects models is a particular focus. Simulation...

Modelling strategies for value-added multilevel models are examined. These types of models typically include an endogenous variable and this causes difficulties for the standard estimation techniques that are commonly used to analyse multilevel models. Two alternative estimation strategies are...