The Kyoto Protocol aims to limit aggregate carbon emissions by participating countries to 1990 emissions levels in aggregate. It also allows for the creation of a permit market in which countries will be able to buy and sell the right to emit carbon dioxide. This paper investigates how market...

This paper explores the relationship between migration and agricultural productivity in Ethiopia. Given that there are fairly significant returns to either rural-urban or international migration for labor in Ethiopia, it could be that credit constraints hindering migration start-up are an...

There is considerable debate about whether social protection programs providing transfers to households create disincentives for labor supply, but little attention is paid to the effect of programs on other forms of labor reallocation. This article estimates the impact of Brazil’s Bolsa...

A common concern about social protection programmes is that the transfers they provide may create disincentives for work. By raising incomes, transfer payments may encourage households to seek more leisure time and reduce their participation in the labour force or the number of hours worked,...

Em muitos Programas de Transferência Condicionada (PTCs) de renda no mundo ? inclusive no Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) do Brasil ? as transferências de renda são destinadas, preferencialmente, às mulheres. Esta característica foi motivada por pesquisas anteriores, que demonstraram que um...

El Programa Bolsa Familia y la Oferta de Trabajo en las Familias

Bolsa Família and Household Labour Supply

In many conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes worldwide?including Brazil?s Bolsa Família?cash transfers are preferentially made to women. This feature was motivated by earlier research showing that greater control over resources among women is linked to an increase in their decision-making...

Uma preocupação comum acerca dos programas de tranferência de renda é de que eles podem gerar desincentivos para o trabalho. Ao elevar a renda, os recursos transferidos podem incentivar as famílias a desfrutar de mais tempo de lazer (não trabalho) e reduzir sua participação na força de...