Until theory can be used to determine how likely it is that a restraint will lead to an anticompetitive outcome, decision makers will be left with a considerable amount of uncertainty.

In the Autumn 2005 issue of Competition Policy International, the authors published an article on the antitrust policy implications of the theoretical and empirical literature on vertical restraints. In an accompanying comment, Professor Ralph Winter claims that the authors are advocating an...

In April 2002, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced the Hospital Merger Retrospective Project to study consummated hospital mergers. This project was precipitated by a long string of unsuccessful hospital merger challenges by the FTC, the US Department of Justice, and the state of...

Retrospective analyses of hospital mergers may be uniquely valuable because they speak directly to two important issues - the methods used for delineating relevant geographic markets in hospital merger analysis, and the implications of not-for-profit status on post-merger hospital pricing - that...

The manufacture and distribution of phosphate rock and its associated products are large consumers of energy. As a consequence, a change in the price of energy can have a quite substantial effect on the cost of production. This will affect the price that the product can be sold for. Whether this...

type="main" <p>This article examines the welfare effects of third-degree price discrimination by a monopolist selling to downstream firms with bargaining power. One of the downstream firms (the “chain store”) can integrate backward at lower cost than rivals. Bargaining powers also depend on...</p>

The 21st Amendment repealed prohibition, but granted the states broad power to regulate the distribution and sale of alcohol to consumers within their borders. Pursuant to this authority, states have established a complex web of regulations that limit the ability of beer, wine, and liquor...