The effects of substrate-placing manner, deposition temperature and solution concentration on the preparation of ZnO films by chemical bath deposition were investigated in this work. The structures and the morphologies of as-deposited ZnO films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and...

This paper projects Chinese urban residential construction out to 2040. The paper argues that the extraordinary growth of recent years will not continue, but that construction will stabilise at a high level. This augurs well for steel demand, especially as steel intensity is expected to...

The early 21st century saw Australia experience its largest and longest terms of trade boom. This paper places this recent boom in a long-run historical context by comparing the current episode with earlier cycles. While similarities exist across most episodes, current macroeconomic policy...

Rapid urbanisation in China has been a key driver of global steel demand and therefore demand for iron ore and coking coal. This article considers the medium- and long-term prospects for residential construction in China and their implications for steel consumption. Residential construction is...

The Australian economy has in recent years experienced the longest terms of trade boom in its history. This boom has had important macroeconomic outcomes – such as an elevated real exchange rate, large-scale investment in the resources sector and higher national income. The terms of trade have...

Exports of services are an important source of demand for the Indian economy and account for a larger share of output than in most major economies. The importance of India’s services exports mirrors that of the broader services sector in India, which is large compared with other countries at a...

Iron ore and coking coal are complementary inputs for steelmaking and therefore their prices are closely related to steel prices. Historically, trade in iron ore and coking coal was based on long-term contracts, but in recent years there has been a shift towards shorter-term pricing, including...

This paper describes a multi-region computable general equilibrium model for analyzing the effectiveness of measures and policies for mitigating North China's water scarcity with respect to three different groups of scenarios. The findings suggest that a reduction in groundwater use would...