Since the 1980s, Chinese scholars have been trying to expound and synthethise elementary aesthetical ideas which occur in medicine, in order to treat this area of study as a defined branch of medicine-'medical aesthetics'. It is in this context that the points discussed in this paper arise. We...

Purpose – Impact of currency depreciation or devaluation on the trade balance is not instantaneous. Indeed, because of adjustment lags favorable effects of depreciation is only realized in the future. This short-run dynamics of the trade balance is summarized by the S-Curve phenomenon. The...

Inflation uncertainty, measured by the volatility of inflation, is said to have a negative effect on domestic consumption by making the public more cautious about their spending. Since exchange rate volatility contributes to inflation volatility, we conjecture that it could have a direct effect...

By introducing uncertainty, monetary volatility and economic volatility are said to make the public cautious, hence increase their cash holdings or their demand for money. On the other hand, because of monetary and economic uncertainty if the public seek safer assets than money, they may hold...

In 1952, Alexander provided an argument that since inflationary effects of depreciation could shift income from workers to producers it could lead to a decline in aggregate domestic consumption. This was based on the assumption that wages do not adjust fully to inflation and labor has a high MPC...

Output uncertainty and monetary uncertainty are said to affect the quantity of money demanded in every country. Increases in both measures of uncertainty could induce people to allocate different proportions of their wealth between money and other financial or real assets. We test these...

This study examines whether the trading location affects equity returns of China-backed American Depository Receipts (ADRs) traded in the US. If International Financial Markets are integrated, stock prices should be affected only by their fundamentals; otherwise, stock prices may also be...