Hydrogen is a kind of green fuel, and is considered as the substitute oil fuel for future. Although many of literature of photocatalyst water splitting have been presented, little of the literature focused on their energy conversions. Therefore, investigation of their energy conversions is...

Black liquor is a major by-product of pulp mills; it is one of the most important renewable energy resources, which can be used as a material to produce electrical power, hydrogen, methanol and dimethyl ether by the black liquor gasification technology. In this paper, experiments were carried...

According to the size effect, small cap securities generally generate greater returns than those of large cap securities. Recent studies have however suggested that for certain periods, size cannot be considered as a relevant explanatory variable, and therefore as an anomaly. Our study, based on...

Cassava ranks fifth among crops in global starch production. It is used as staple food in many tropical countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. In (the) People's Republic of China, although not yet a staple food, cassava is of major economic importance for starch for a large area of...

The cost-effective, large area Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers (CNTs–CNFs) film was synthesized on graphite substrate by low pressure and low temperature thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Successful removal of Fe3+ from water by electrosorption of CNTs–CNFs films was achieved. The...

In narrow waterways, closed ships might interact due to hydrodynamic forces. To avoid clashes, different lane-changing rules are required. In this paper, a two-lane cellular automata model is proposed to investigate the traffic flow patterns in narrow water channels. Numerical experiments show...

This paper proposes a liner hub-and-spoke shipping network design problem by introducing the concept of a main port, as well as some container shipping constraints such as multi-type container shipment and transit time constraints, which are seldom considered in the previous studies. It develops...

Maritime cabotage is a legislation published by a particular coastal country, which is used to conduct the cargo transportation between its two domestic ports. This paper proposes a two-phase mathematical programming model to formulate the liner hub-and-spoke shipping network design problem...

Cu, Al, and Ti films of ~ 10 nm thickness were deposited on porous silicon (PS) at room temperature using Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc system and annealed at 800°C for 10 min in vacuum. The PS layers were obtained by anodization of Si wafer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence...

Photoluminescence, photoabsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study revealed that an optical transition of porous silicon from red-shift to blue-shift, and Si-2p binding energy transition from low to high at a critical anodization temperature, 343 K. Possible origin for the reverse...