In this paper, to optimize the kind and capacity of renewable energy installed in each area, an optimization program was developed using a simple genetic algorithm (GA). In the proposed algorithm, the kind and capacity of renewable energy was expressed using a chromosome model. The most...

Bifacial photovoltaics are widely investigated with the aim of reducing the amount of silicon used and increasing conversion efficiencies. The output power of bifacial photovoltaics depends on the quantity of solar radiation incident on the reverse face. Furthermore, controlling the orientation...

Fuel traffic to the Syowa Base of the South Pole is increasing from Japan, with growing research and observation occurring every year. Limits to fuel traffic and the spread of green energy utilization are topics of interest for Syowa Base; this research considers the construction of a Syowa Base...

The rapid tidal current near a lake inlet is transformed into electrical energy with Darius-type hydraulic turbine generators. When the tidal power generation is insufficient, the stored excess electric power generated from midnight to early morning of a representative day is used. The balance...

Replaced with revised version of paper 08/03/05.

This article is a document of great bibliographical value because it is a search at an international level. It was conducted in Latin-America to review the rural politics of the Inter-American Bank of Development. The author and his collaborators summarize and make short each one of the opinions...

This book represents the first comprehensive effort to analyze informal finance in Peru. We gathered data from a survey designed to capture formal and non-formal credit and savings transactions. We surveyed rural households, urban micro entrepreneurs, and wholesalers from three regions: Junin,...

This paper provides a methodological bridge leading from the well-developed theory of credit rationing to the less developed territory of empirically identifying credit constraints. We begin by developing a simple model showing that credit constraints may take three forms: quantity rationing,...

This article provides a methodological bridge leading from the well-developed theory of credit rationing to the less developed territory of empirically identifying credit constraints. We begin by developing a simple model showing that credit constraints may take three forms: quantity rationing,...

This paper reviews the main causes of the rapid growth of credit in Peru during the 1990s. The creation of new types of lending intermediaries besides traditional banks has allowed debt to increase and credit to be extended to new classes of borrowers such as middle and lower-class urban...