This paper examines whether Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) was effective in reducing default and credit risk in U.S. banking. We employ parametric, non-parametric, nonlinear and switching cointegration tests and a general-to-specific testing procedure to examine if PCA-defined bank ratios and...

Economic activity produces not only desirable outputs but also undesirable outputs. Undesirable outputs are usually omitted from efficiency assessments (i.e., applications of Data Envelopment Analysis) which fail to express the true production process. The directional distance function model has...

Effectiveness involves more than simple efficiency, which is limited to the production process assessment of peer operational units. Effectiveness incorporates variables that are both controllable (i.e. efficiency) and non-controllable (i.e. perceived quality) by the operational units. It is a...

The directional distance function model is a generalization of the radial model in data envelopment analysis (DEA). The directional distance function model is appropriate for dealing with cases where undesirable outputs exist. However, it is not a units-invariant measure of efficiency, which...

The directional distance function model is a generalization of the radial model in data envelopment analysis (DEA). The directional distance function model is appropriate for dealing with cases where undesirable outputs exist. However, it is not a units-invariant measure of efficiency, which...

This article uses the ACE algorithm to non-linearly transform stock prices and dividends for the USA for the period 1871-1999. It finds strong evidence of cointegration between the transformed variables, which can be characterized as non-linear cointegration. It concludes that departures from...

We examine whether the failure of the multinational banking group BCCI caused contagion effects in the banking sectors of four countries where BCCI had established operations, namely the UK, the US, Spain and Switzerland. We find evidence of contagion effects in the UK and Spain which appear to...