El endeudamiento de España, Portugal y Grecia ha crecido en los últimos años debido principalmente a un sector privado que, incapaz de competir con éxito dentro de la zona euro, ha acumulado deuda tanto interna como externa. La deuda total - tanto pública como privada - plantea problemas...

The crisis of 2007–9 has cast fresh light on the ascendancy of finance in recent years, a process that is often described as financialization. The concept of financialisation has emerged within Marxist political economy in an effort to relate booming finance to poorly performing...

Money's emergence in commodity exchange remains a unresolved issue within economic theory. Current general equilibrium models, drawing on Menger, offer an explanation that rests on the economic advantages of a universally accepted means of exchange that is established through ‘social...

Financialization is a systemic transformation of capitalism that has occurred during the last four decades. This paper shows that the concept of financialization originates in Marxist theory, though its meaning remains unclear. It then proposes a theory of financialization as rooted in the...

Monetary theory based on commodity money possesses sound foundations for analysis of capitalist monetary phenomena. "Valueless" forms of money (fiat and credit) have their roots in the nature and functions of commodity money. The evolution of the form of money is explained by the adequacy of...

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