We consider involuntary and voluntary cost increases in Carnegie I and II private research universities, where we find that voluntary cost increases are over three times as high as involuntary cost increases. As is the case with public research universities, private universities economized on...

We estimate three models of cost per student using data from Carnegie I and II public research universities. There are 841 usable observations covering the period from 1987 to 2008. We find that staffing ratios are individually and collectively significant in each model. Further, we find...

This paper studies the behavior of recoveries from recessions across 59 advanced and emerging market economies over the past 40 years. Focusing specifically on the performance of output after the recession trough, we find little or no difference in the pace of output growth across types of...

In this original analysis, the author examines why tuition for both private and public education has risen so much faster than inflation or family incomes. As one indication if the extent of the problem, students loans have doubled in recent years. One reason is reduced public subsidies for...

We study the role an illiquid durable consumption good plays in determining the level of precautionary savings and the distribution of wealth in a standard Aiyagari model (i.e. a model with heterogeneous agents, idiosyncratic uncertainty, and borrowing constraints). Transactions costs induce an...

Wind farm micro-siting is to determine the optimal positions of wind turbines within the wind farm, with the target of maximizing total power output or profit. This paper studies the performance of the lazy greedy algorithm on optimization of wind turbine positions above complex terrain. Instead...

A particle model for calculating turbine wake flow during the optimization of wind farm micro-siting is presented. This model treats the wake flow as virtual particles generated by the turbine rotor. Based on the pre-calculated flow field of empty wind farm, the motions of the particles are...

The bionic method to optimize the turbine layout of wind farm on complex terrain is developed. By employing the virtual particle model for wake flow simulation, the bionic method runs based on the flow field calculated by numerical simulations of air flow. It simulates the evolution of a turbine...