Today, the stratum of the rich on China's mainland probably consists first and foremost of private entrepreneurs whose property and income levels are indeed considerably higher than those of ordinary inhabitants. However, if seen from another angle, that is, in light of international comparison,...

Purpose – The authors examine the debt maturity structure of Chinese listed companies during the period when bond market was under-developed and the majority of commercial banks were owned by the state. The purpose of this paper is to answer why and how the different ownership control types...

By integrating the literature on institutional investors with that on seasoned equity offerings (SEOs), this paper investigates the role played by mutual funds around SEO announcements in China. To the extent that shareholdings already held by mutual funds in a firm prior to the firm's SEO...

This study aimed to explore the combustion kinetics of organic matter in Huadian oil shale using thermogravimetric analysis. Increases in particle size or heating rate shifted the combustion process to a higher temperature, because of mass transfer resistance and thermal hysteresis. An...

Biodiesel has potential as a substitute for petroleum diesel because of the increasing worldwide concern for environmental sustainability and dwindling petroleum resources. Methanol has been the commonly used alcohol for biodiesel production. Compared with methanol, ethanol can be derived from...

An energy analysis of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power systems with gas recycles fed by natural gas is carried out. Simple SOFC system, SOFC power systems with anode and cathode gas recycle respectively and SOFC power system with both anode and cathode gas recycle are compared. Influences of...

GHG (Increasing greenhouse gas) emissions in China imposes enormous pressure on China’s government and society. The increasing GHG trend is primarily driven by the fast expansion of high energy-intensive sectors including the chemical industry. This study investigates energy consumption and...

In a credit market, a low-cost foreign entrant is likely less informed than a domestic bank with information endowments. We present a steady-state model in an infinite-period framework, and analyze how the informational asymmetry affects the lending equilibrium and the foreign banks’ entry...

In this paper, a novel projection-based depth based on the Rayleigh quotient, Rayleigh projection depth (RPD), is proposed. Although, the traditional projection depth (PD) has many good properties, it is indeed not practical due to its difficult computation, especially for the high-dimensional...