This paper analyzes the endogeneity of licensing arrangements in cost-reducing cumulative innovation. There exists the following results. First, for the first-generation patentee, ex post licensing matters for rent extraction while ex ante licensing matters for efficiency. Second, if the...

The competition power of the Agricultural Bank of China has been dropping down for several years. The reason is that banks at the grass-roots level don’t think much of managing the subtle links. The paper uses the theory of butterfly effect in Chaos for reference to discusses the risks existed...

The problems of detecting, classifying, and estimating shapes in point cloud data are important due to their general applicability in image analysis, computer vision, and graphics. They are challenging because the data is typically noisy, cluttered, and unordered. We study these problems using a...

Advances in permanent magnets, electronics and design techniques over the past thirty years have led to the development of a new generation of electric machines. Sintered rare-earth neodymium–iron–boron magnets have a magnetic energy product up to an order of magnitude larger than those of...

The Ni layers with good soft magnetic properties have been successfully electroless deposited on PZT layers. To study the thermodynamics and kinetics of electroless Ni-deposition, the effect of bath parameters such as pH and temperature has been discussed. The structural, magnetic and...