In the present study, the combustion and emission characteristics under various equivalence ratio up to stoichiometric condition were experimentally investigated in a CI (compression ignition) engine. In order to control the equivalence ratio, the O2 mole fraction of intake gas was reduced from...

The aim of this study was to confirm the effects of two-stage combustion on the combustion and NO<em>_x</em> reduction characteristics of a four cylinder direct injection diesel engine. In order to analyze the combustion and emission characteristics, various injection parameters, such as injection...

The present paper suggests fuel consumption modeling for HDVs based on the code from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment. Two interpolation models (inversed distance weighted (IDW) and Hermite) and three types of fuel efficiency maps (coarse, medium, and dense) were adopted to determine the...

In this paper, effect of varying fuel injection pressures and injection timings on particulate size number distribution and spray characteristics was investigated in a single cylinder, common rail direct injection (CRDI) compression ignition (CI) engine fueled with Karanja biodiesel blends...

Even though the roots of the global financial crisis lay in risky financial structures in the United States and weaknesses in financial regulation, the crisis became global mainly because of significant financial and trade linkages between the US and other countries. Most countries, including...

Engel (1999) computes the variance of k-differences for each time horizon us- ing the method of Cochrane (1988) in order to measure the importance of the traded goods component in U.S. real exchange rate movements. The importance of traded goods should decrease as the horizon increases if the...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of various engine conditions on the combustion, flame temperature and emission characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) fuel compared with ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel through experimental and numerical analyzes. In order to analyze...

The author derives the probability that price discrimination improves social welfare, using a simple model of third-degree price discrimination assuming two independent linear demands. The probability that price discrimination raises social welfare increases as the preferences or incomes of...

Since 1995, four presidents have granted six traffic violation pardons in Korea, and 24.6 million individuals have been the beneficiaries of these pardons. The objective of this paper is to explore how costly traffic violation pardons are by finding out the effects of traffic violation pardons...

<italic>Abstract:</italic> The author derives the probability that price discrimination improves social welfare, using a simple model of third-degree price discrimination assuming two independent linear demands. The probability that price discrimination raises social welfare increases as the preferences or...