We develop a theoretical model of optimal licensing schemes for quality-improving innovations. We consider an oligopolistic market where two downstream firms compete in price and the upstream innovator holds a technology that may create differentiation between the products. Our results show that...

Enabled by the Bayh-Dole Act (1980), universities license access to innovations protected by US patents. Despite the growing importance of license revenue to cash- strapped land-grant universities that generate a large share of agricultural innovations, there has been no formal attempt to...

An indicator of competitive position, the cost difference between ethanol import from Brazil with sugar processing and domestic production with corn in the United States under ideal conditions without tariffs in the ethanol market, is developed conceptually. An ex ante version of the indicator...

Globalization has created an international wine market and global brands. However, consumers continue to regard regional origin as a dominant criterion in their wine buying decisions. Indicators of collective regional reputation as well as individual producer (or brand) reputation guide...

We present a first analysis of online auction markets for specialty food products. We identify auction prices, trade volume, and value for domestic and foreign-origin specialty ham with geographical indications (GIs) that were sold in online auctions in Germany within a 1-month period. Applying...

Producer brands increasingly dominate global wine markets, while generic advertising promotes regionality and exports (e.g., Australia, Spain). We analyze U.S. price data and quality indicators for 24 wine regions within 11 countries using a hedonic model. We assess the value of producer brands...