When investigating the effects of federal grants on the behavior of lower-level governments, it is hard to defend the … handling of grants as an exogenous factor affecting local governments; federal governments often set grants based on … order to estimate the causal effects of general intergovernmental grants on local spending and local tax rates. The formula …

asymmetries in the effects of cuts and increases in grants on total spending. Then political factors (electoral cycle, colour and … explanations of them. Results strongly support the hypothesis of asymmetry. Recipients compensate part of the loss in grants by … increasing other sources of revenues. Moreover, asymmetric responses to cuts in capital grants (earmarked) and current grants …

these grants using a variety of estimating techniques on official data gathered for the purpose. Copyright Kluwer Academic …

IIW, the distribution of tax revenues, vertical grants and fiscal equalisation among the federal states were newly …

government grants for college education, tax credits for college spending and the creation of tax-free education savings accounts … increase net contributions to children and increase the probability that a child attains a college degree, the grants and …