An important class of models for macroscopic dynamic network loading (DNL) and dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) is based on treating link travel times as a function of link occupancy. However, these models suffer from some problems or deficiencies namely (a) the link outflows can violate...

Organisation theorists have long been aware of the organisational problems caused by environmental uncertainty. Recently supply chain theorists have identified the same issue for supply chains. It is the premise of this paper that one possible way of reducing these problems is through the use of...

Shared services arrangements have been viewed as a strategy for achieving efficiencies and improved service in back-office functions such as finance and accounting, human resource, and procurement. Organisations have been increasingly turning to vendors to implement and manage outsourced shared...

Summary Outsourcing has become a critical strategic decision that can allow organisations to develop and leverage the capabilities required to compete in today's global business environment. This paper provides a practical framework that managers can use to identify suitable outsourcing...