One of the goals of the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) initiative: Analysing the Cost of Alternative Strategies Related to Nursing Education is to re-organize the nursing workforce in the United States so that after a relatively brief time, ten years or so, eighty per cent of the nursing...

Expectancy and value have emerged as two major determinants of motivation. However, the exact nature of their functioning is less clear given that previous research failed to test adequately different goal processes. Based on the recent nonmonotonic, discontinuous model of expectancy elaborated...

Theories of self-regulation describe motivation as a dynamic process of goal choice and goal striving. To facilitate those processes, individuals learn about themselves and their environment, which is an internal dynamic process. However, the precise nature of the relationship between these...