Electronic communications within the European Union today represent a sector characterized by an interplay of liberalization, regulation and competition. The new regulatory framework uses the concept of significant market power to assess the position of operators on the electronic communications...

Apart from periods of temporary profitability, Poland's state-owned coal industry has generated huge financial losses since 1989. Despite restructuring efforts that cost taxpayers billions of zÅotys, the government has failed to make Silesian pits economically viable. This stands in contrast to...

Globalisation has come in for a lot of criticism. With its emphasis on the unimpeded circulation of capital, it is increasingly regarded as a negative phenomenon that prompts 'creative destruction' of politico-economic spaces at various geographical scales. Globalisation is also thought to cause...

"In Poland, there is a widening gap between well-developed core regions and depressed peripheral ones. This article argues, on the one hand, that any EU- or government-funded assistance to less developed areas should be accompanied by nationwide liberalisation and, on the other, that lack of...

"In modern developed economies it is the service sector that generates jobs. In Anglo-Saxon economies, where employment protection legislation is low and unions comparatively weak, services account for three-quarters of income and four-fifths of jobs. Yet in France, Germany and Italy, where the...

"The aim of this paper is to discuss barriers to the employment of older workers in Poland, where, due to various structural weaknesses and institutional arrangements, this problem has taken on a particularly acute seriousness. After analysing the causes of inactivity amongst older workers, the...

"The trade union movement has played an important role in the modern history of Poland. Its activism precipitated the fall of communism. Yet, with the transition to a free-market economy gaining momentum, it turned out that Solidarity embraced a vision of a new socio-economic model. Its leaders...

The shift to a knowledge-based economy and the resurgence of interest in the region as a scale of economic organization have been a subject of much debate. Such concepts as innovation, learning, and knowledge diffusion have all come to be seen as crucial elements of regional development...

This paper, based on two case studies from Polish localities, makes a case for a scalar interpretation of conflicts related to environmental protection and economic development. Poland, one of the poorest and least environmentally friendly member countries of the European Union, has to reconcile...