Unlike internal ('functional') forms of flexibility of labour, external ('numerical') forms of flexibility (i.e. high shares of people on temporary contract or a high turnover of personnel) yield substantial savings on a firm's wage bill. Savings on wage bills lead to higher job growth, but do...

We analyze the influence of innovation on growth rates of employment in 859 Dutch manufacturing firms over the period 1983-1988. Whereas, the (growth of the) R&D intensity of firms has a slightly negative impact on employment, we find that firms with a high share of product-related R&D (as a...

Based on comprehensive regression analysis, the authors find that weak wage growth and a smaller labour share of national income significantly reduce labour productivity growth. They conclude that supply-side labour market reforms have contributed to reducing labour productivity growth: this...

As this comprehensive Companion demonstrates, social economics is a dynamic and growing field that emphasizes the key role that values play in the economy and in economic life. Social economics treats the economy and economics as being embedded in the larger web of social and ethical...

Analyzing changes over time in firm-level R&D efforts we find that demand growth in a firm’s sector of principal activity has a positive influence on changes in a firm’s R&D effort, confirming Schmookler’s (1969) ‘demand-pull’ hypothesis. This finding points to an aspect of effective...

Compared to firms in rural regions, firms in urban agglomerations of the Netherlands dedicate a higher share of their R&D to product development. In our Hurdle Count Data estimate of determinants of new product announcements we find that, with a given product-R&D-intensity, firms in central...