The militarily non-allied members of the European Union, Austria, Finland, Ireland and Sweden, have undergone rapid changes in security policies since 1999. Looking at two states, Finland and Sweden, this paper traces states' contemporary responses to the rapid development of the European...

Critical aspects of commercial diplomacy in the United States and the European Union are undergoing a process of gradual privatisation. We examine institutional arrangements that permit private groups (predominantly industry associations and firms) to petition for the initiation of trade...

<title>Abstract</title> In undertaking an analysis of neighbouring effects on European regional patterns of specialization, this paper makes two main contributions to the literature. First, we use a spatial weight matrix that takes into consideration membership of an EU cross-border regional association. We...

The EU bilateral trade strategy since 2006, including the TTIP, has been justified by the European Commission on the bases that deep and comprehensive trade agreements are compatible with efficient multilateralism. The Commission argument is the following: in a context marked by international...

There is an ongoing debate on which are the determinants of CAP reform. The economic environment has not been contemplated as a directdeterminant of CAP reform but its proxy, the budget, has not only been looked at as such but underlined as a key cause of CAP reform. This paper argues, however,...

La politica de Vecindad de la Union Europea se acostumbra a interpretar como un instrumento de europeizacion forzada. Gracias a su fuerza de negociacion, la Union Europea impondria a sus vecinos su modelo economico y hasta politico y social. Esta sin embargo no es la evidencia que se obtiene en...

The objective of this paper is to ascertain whether the EU is seeking policy convergence with its neighbours in the area of trade by means of EU regulations. For each trade- related topic, we carried out a content analysis of the available official documents to identify the model of relations...

The WTO rules have had a direct influence upon the 2006 reform of the European Common Market Sugar Organisation. The pre-2006 sugar CMO was not in a position to successfully face neither the recent Resolution of the World Trade Organisations Dispute Settlement Body and the liberalisation demands...