Mutation operator is one of the mechanisms of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) and it can provide diversity in the search and help to explore the undiscovered search place. Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO), which is inspired by fundamental theory of PSO algorithm and quantum...

Photovoltaic (PV) generation systems have been shown to have a promising role for use in high electric-load buildings, such as the closed plant factory which is dependent upon artificial lighting. The power generated by the PV systems can be either directly supplied to the buildings or fed back...

For a country that imports crude oil, the forex burden is always fluctuant due to the fluctuation of international crude oil prices and exchange rates over time. The gap discovered between international crude oil prices and the crude oil price based on exchange rates may indicate the fluctuation...

Autocorrelation exists in the crude oil price due to price inertia, the cobweb theorem, model errors, etc. Many researchers have studied the fluctuation of the crude oil price, but few have focused on the autocorrelation fluctuation in crude oil prices. Exploring the fluctuating rules of...

The price of crude oil is fluctuating. Researchers focus on the fluctuation of crude oil prices or relationship between crude oil futures and spot prices. However, the relationship also presents fluctuation which draws our attention. This paper designed a complex network approach for examining...

Two-mode and multi-mode networks represent new directions of simulating a complex network that can simulate the relationships among the entities more precisely. In this paper, we constructed two different levels of networks: one is the two-mode primitive networks of the energy listed companies...