Recently, nature-inspired algorithms have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers. Due to the fact that in BPSO the position vectors consisting of ‘0’ and ‘1’ can be seen as a decision behavior (support or oppose), in this paper, we propose a BPSO with hierarchical structure...

Due to advantages such as high energy density, high power density, rapid charge and discharge, high cyclic-life, and environmentally friendly, flywheel energy storage systems (FESs) are widely used in various fields. However, the performance of FES systems depends on the performance of a high...

This paper investigated a 12-slot/11-pole flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine used for electric vehicles (EVs). Five novel rotor teeth shapes are proposed and researched to reduce the cogging torque and torque ripple of the FSPM machine. These rotor teeth shapes are notched teeth,...

This paper investigates the valuation of currency options when the underlying currency follows a mean‐reverting lognormal process with multi‐scale stochastic volatility. A closed‐form solution is derived for the characteristic function of the log‐asset price. European options are then...

Axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are very suitable candidates for the power train of electric vehicles (EVs) due to high power density and high efficiency. This paper researches an axial flux PMSM with radially sliding permanent magnets (PMs) to fulfill field-weakening...

The adoption of the euro led to a shift in importance from country to industry effects in euro zone stock returns. For the first time, this paper shows that country effects have regained importance in the recent spate of crises. This euro-wide factor reversal is driven by countries with poor...

In China, the area of existing buildings in urban and rural has exceeded 43 billion m2 at present and more than 90% of them are high energy consumption buildings, which have poor thermal insulation performance, low energy efficiency technologies and equipments, and severe energy waste in HVAC...

Actual operation energy consumption of the high energy efficiency buildings built and operated in China and U.S. has been quite different than expected. This paper compares actual energy consumption to expect high energy efficiency office buildings in U.S. and China. Considering the different...

Wind energy has been well recognized as a renewable resource in electricity generation, which is environmentally friendly, socially beneficial and economically competitive. For proper and efficient evaluation of wind energy, a hybrid Seasonal Auto-Regression Integrated Moving Average and Least...

This paper uses copula approach to investigate the extreme dependence between crude oil and stock sectors in China. Empirical results show that oil-stock linkages have been changed by the occurrence of the recent financial crisis. Before the financial crisis, only two stock sectors have weakly...