Problem Definition and Relevance: Characterized by time-varying arrivals, multi-stage service, and multi-class patient population, emergency rooms (ERs) are complex healthcare delivery systems, where optimizing the staffing levels of physicians is a challenge. In collaboration with Mayo Clinic,...

We show that review platforms reduce healthcare interruptions for patients looking for a new physician. We employ a difference-in-differences strategy using physician retirements as a “disruptive shock” that forces patients to find a new physician. We combine insurance claims data with...