Electoral incentives may lead policymakers to eschew opportunities for common-interest reform, focusing instead on zero-sum, partisan policymaking. By forgoing opportunities for common-interest reforms, incumbents may convince their constituents that such reforms are rarely feasible, so that...

This paper analyzes the provision of public goods with cross-border externalities by representative democracies. The level of provision of each country is decided by a policy maker elected by majority rule at the country level. We compare the case in which policy makers set their policies...

This paper analyzes the provision of transnational public goods by sovereign democracies. The contribution of each country is decided by a representative elected by majority rule at the country level. We compare two cases: representatives can choose their respective policies either...