In April 2013, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) introduced an inflation target of 2% with the aim of overcoming deflation and achieving sustainable economic growth. But due to lower international oil prices it was unable to achieve this target and was forced to take further measures. Hence, in February...

Japan has reached the limits of conventional macroeconomic policy. In order to overcome deflation and achieve sustainable economic growth, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) recently set an inflation target of 2% and implemented an aggressive monetary policy so this target could be achieved as soon as...

This study is an attempt to ascertain how sharp oil price changes can affect oil-exporting and oil-importing economies. To this end, a simultaneous equation model (SEM) was applied through a weighted two-stage least squares estimation method to different countries (21 cases) with business...