Business confidence matters for future growth as it relies on opinion surveys of developments in production activities, orders and stocks of finished products. Is it then affected by economic policy uncertainty and oil price asymmetries in the OECD countries? With limited evidence in the...

Although the relationship between the global oil and stock markets has been given extensive critical assessment in the literature, this study gives a re-examination of this nexus for the Gulf Cooperation Council countries with certain innovative contributions. We employ both the Symmetric ARDL...

In the midst of the global challenge of climate change induced by the consumption of fossil fuels, energy security remains a global concern. Thus, this study examines the role of energy security from the witty perspective of the production and reserves of the world’s leading energy mix (oil,...