Hospitals play a critical role during disasters where they provide critical medical care to disaster victims and help the community to respond more effectively and recover quicker. However, hospitals face risks from the natural environment, such as floor risks. Amid the increasing flood risks...

Floods are among the most destructive disasters in the United States, and the National Flood Insurance Program has been criticized for its limitations in reflecting actual flood risk. Leveraging two unique parcel-level datasets, this paper provides evidence on two core issues – (a) the...