Crude oil and precious metals, silver and especially gold, prices have been more volatile in the recent years. Investors and speculators such as investment banks, hedge funds, mutual funds, etc. pay close attention to the price and volatility of these commodities. The daily returns of Brent,...

The advantage of quantum mechanics to shift up the ability to econometrically understand extreme tail losses in financial data has become more desirable, especially in cases of Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) predictions. Behind the non-novel quantum mechanism, it does...