Consistent with the notion that dividends are very sticky, Daniel, Denis, and Naveen (2008) report evidence that firms manage earnings upward when pre-managed earnings are expected to fall short of dividend payments. However, we find that this evidence is not robust when controlling for firms'...

We examine the effect of product market competition on firms' earnings management practices. Using exogenous variation in import competition, we find that heightened competition reduces both accrual-based and real earnings management. We also show that several measures of competition from past...